人体工程学

磋商

环境 & Occupational Safety offers Ergonomic Consultation for any department that would like to take advantage of this service. 只需提交一份 工作订单 through our 工作订单 system and we will make arrangements to visit your office or department and review your equipment, 家具, and layout in order to assess if there is a better ergonomic way to arrange the area for all employees. 

什么是人体工程学?

人体工程学 is the study of how humans interact with their environment (i.e.，工作环境). It utilizes scientific principles to alter environments in ways that align with client needs. Systematic adjustments to the environment can lead to improved work flow, 减轻身体压力和疲劳, 减少受伤的机会, 提高生产力. 另外, ergonomics seeks to improve systems for better usability through product design/re-design, 系统评价方法, and the development of operating standards. The first step is to observe the client in their usual work process. Then suggestions can be made about how to better structure the environment, task, or product. Alterations to workstations, tools, or tasks may be relatively simple (i.e., using an adjustable chair so that your legs fit easily under the desk).

人体工程学的商业重要性

Every organization wants to increase organization-wide efficiency, 保持员工的生产力, 减少工伤事故, 提高客户满意度. Utilizing ergonomic principles makes business sense because adjusting jobs to better fit workers supports all of the above goals.

• Why take twice as long to complete a job if you don’t have to?
• Why risk bodily injury if you don’t have to?
• Why have moderate customer satisfaction when you could have GREAT customer satisfaction? 

正确的工作姿势

3M工作空间舒适度指南

One of the easiest ways to avoid bodily strain at a workstation is to keep your body in a neutral position. Neutral positions include: standing with your head, 脖子, 躯干, and legs aligned vertically or sitting with your head, 脖子, and 躯干 aligned vertically with legs at a 90 degree angle and feet firmly on the ground (Occupational Safety & 卫生管理局，名词.d.; American Federation of State, County & 市政雇员;名词.d.). Additional neutral positions include sitting in declined or reclined positions. Please follow these other tips for proper workstation posture.

• Sit with feet firmly on the ground or resting on footstool
• Have enough clearance under desk for legs
• Arms should fit on chair-rests or rest comfortably at your side
• Telephone and other commonly used items should be easily within reach
• Computer monitors should be at eye level 

办公用品购买步骤 & 提示

The following are some additional tips for researching and purchasing office equipment.

台灯

• Cord length should allow a variety of positions
• Angle and intensity should be adjustable
• Use bright light when reading printed materials
• Use soft, focused light for computer tasks 

椅子

• Height and tilt should be easily adjustable
• 椅子 that swivel 360 degrees minimize twisting
• 边缘应加衬垫
• Armrests should be adjustable and/or removable
• 椅子 should have sturdy bases, especially chairs with wheels 

桌子

• Surface should be deep enough to accommodate commonly used items
• Adjustable height is preferred (20-28 inches)
• Legs should fit comfortably underneath, in a variety of positions
• 哑光饰面尽量减少眩光 

电话

• Cord length should reach easily so user avoids twisting
• If on the phone for extended periods use “hands free” options such as “speaker” or headset
• “Hands free” options should have volume controls 

键盘

• Adjustable feet will provide a wider range of keyboard positions
• Cords should be long enough to support a variety of positions
• Consider size, especially if using a keyboard tray
• Laptop keyboards may not be appropriate for prolonged typing tasks 

电脑显示器

• Display should be big enough to view easily (15-20 inches)
• Height and angle should be adjustable
• Flat panel screens take up less desk space – appropriate when space is limited

链接

人为因素 & 工效学学会
The HFES is an organization for professionals interested in ergonomic, 安全, and human factors aspects of system design and usability. Individuals interested in 安全 and ergonomics can find information about the group’s history, 成员资格要求, 最近的研究, 及专业标准. A career center and consultant directory is also available.

National Institute of Occupational Safety & 健康(NIOSH)
The Department of Health and Human 服务 - Center for Disease Control (CDC) hosts the NIOSH website. Data and statistics concerning 安全 and risk prevention, 危险和伤害, and occupation specific information are available. 此外,他们 人体工程学 and Musculoskeletal Disorders Section是有用的.